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Ahead of the rest synonym6/16/2023 It forms part of the part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit. The zygomatic arch is composed of the malar process of the maxilla, medially, the zygoma, centrally, and the temporal bone, posterolaterally. It is also known as the zygomatic bone or arch, the malar bone (creating confusion with the malar process of the maxilla), the cheek bone and the yoke bone. Zygoma: The part of the temporal bone of the skull that forms the prominence of the cheek. It forms the medial border of the inferior bony orbit, and is contiguous with the lateral boundary of the nasal bridge. frontal process): The most medial and superior part of the maxilla. Each bone consists of a body and four processes-zygomatic, malar (frontal), alveolar and palatine. Each assists in forming the boundaries of three cavities-the palate, floor and lateral wall of the nose (frontal or malar process), and floor of the orbit. Maxilla: These paired bones form, by their union, the upper jaw and contain the upper dentition. Traditionally, the nose and premaxilla are not included in the midface. It is formed by the maxilla (upper jaw) and zygoma. It extends, superiorly, from the inferior orbital margin to, inferiorly, the level of nasal base. Midface: This is a region and not an anatomical term. Supra-orbital ridge: The supraorbital portion of the frontal bones. Glabella: The most prominent point on the frontal bone above the root of the nose. The anterior hairline is typically situated at the junction of frontalis muscle and galea aponeurotica. It cannot be wrinkled or furrowed because it does not contain muscle fibres. It is closely connected to the integument by the firm, dense, fibro-fatty layer which forms the superficial fascia of the scalp. The galea aponeurotica is a layer of dense fibrous tissue which covers the upper part of the cranium and attaches posteriorly to the occipital bone. From these attachments the fibers are directed upward, and join the galea aponeurotica below the coronal suture. They have no bony attachments, but inferiorly the fibres blend with the muscles encircling the eyelids. These muscles effect forehead wrinkling or furrowing. ![]() The paired frontalis muscles join in the midline and adhere to the superficial fascia over the frontal bone. Cranial growth normally occurs perpendicular to each of these major sutures.įorehead: The part of the face above the eyebrows, below the hairline and between the temples. Three, the coronal, lambdoidal and squamosal, are paired, and two, the sagittal and metopic, are single. In early life these bones are separated by five major sutures ( Figs. The Anatomy of the Various Structures is Described in More Detail Below.Ĭranium: The upper part of the skull consists of paired frontal and parietal bones and a single posterior occipital bone ( Figs. ![]() The face of the observer should be at the same height as the face of the observed person.Īnthropological landmarks of the face, lateral view, which are described in this paper. When assessinga feature, thehead of the observed person should be held in the Frankfurt horizontal, with the facial and neck muscles relaxed, eyes open, lips making gentle contact, and facial expression neutral. The appearance of facial morphology varies considerably with facial expression and movement, and depending on the position of the observer and observed person. When a feature is indicated in the text in Bold-italics, a definition is available either in this paper or one of the accompanying papers. The definitions are listed alphabetically based on the physical feature, not the modifier. The reader is encouraged to consult the introduction when using the definitions. The series is accompanied by an introductory article describing general aspects of this study. ![]() This paper is part of a series of six papers defining the morphology of regions of the human body.
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